Chairperson: Kirk Anders
Professors: E. Addis, K. Anders, B. Bancroft, J. Beckstead, M. Bertagnolli, D. Boose, W. Ettinger, H. Lefcort, M. Poxleitner , N. Staub, B. Swanson, P. Pauw (Emeritus), R. Prusch (Emeritus)
Associate Professors: C. Andrade, L. Diaz-Martinez, G. Chang, J. Haydock
Assistant Professors: N. D'Souza, R. Geck, J. Hegg, J. Orcutt
Lecturers: M. Howard, K. Measor, H. Elsayed, C. Knadler, M. Marcec, J. Stafstrom
Bachelor of Arts, Biology major (optional Biology Research concentration)
Students must earn a C- grade or better in BIOL 105/105L and CHEM 101/101L in order to take BIOL 106. A C- grade or better in BIOL 106 is required in order to take BIOL 205, 206, or 207. Students must also earn a C- grade or better in BIOL 205/205L, 206/206L, 207/207L and 399 in order to take BIOL 499. For upper division biology electives, a minimum of 10 credits (B.S.), 6 credits (B.A.), or 4 credits (Minor) must be biology courses taken from 91Թ faculty; students participating in study abroad programs should make note. Credits from BIOL 497, Biology Internship, do not satisfy any requirements for the Biology Major or Minor.
Professors: E. Addis, K. Anders, B. Bancroft, J. Beckstead, M. Bertagnolli, D. Boose, W. Ettinger, H. Lefcort, M. Poxleitner , N. Staub, B. Swanson, P. Pauw (Emeritus), R. Prusch (Emeritus)
Associate Professors: C. Andrade, L. Diaz-Martinez, G. Chang, J. Haydock
Assistant Professors: N. D'Souza, R. Geck, J. Hegg, J. Orcutt
Lecturers: M. Howard, K. Measor, H. Elsayed, C. Knadler, M. Marcec, J. Stafstrom
The department offers two degrees, one major and one minor:
Bachelor of Science, Biology major
| Optional Concentrations in: | |
|
Biology is the study of living organisms and the environment in which they live. To prepare students to pursue biology-oriented careers in fields such as medicine, dentistry, biotechnology, conservation science, environmental science, sustainability, research and teaching, we offer courses and experiences that help them understand the unity, diversity and complexity of life using evolutionary principles as the unifying theme. Through inquiry-based laboratory experiences and opportunities to participate in research projects, Biology majors also acquire problem solving and critical thinking skills and are therefore well prepared for their next step whether it be graduate or professional programs, specific training in health care fields, work in a lab or field station, or combining their scientific training with another interest such as business, law or even the arts.
Students earning a Biology degree at 91Թ obtain:
- a broad, liberal arts education (through the university core curriculum)
- a common foundation of knowledge and experience across the breadth of biology (through the Biology common curriculum)
- foundational courses in the physical sciences that support biological research (chemistry and physics)
- the ability to investigate areas of interest in depth through a wide variety upper division courses
The Biology Department offers two degrees—the Bachelor of Science (B.S.) and the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)—with one major: Biology. There are four subject-area concentrations within the Bachelor of Science degree, and a research concentration that can be combined with either the B.S. or the B.A. degree. Students are not required to choose a concentration. We also offer a Biology minor for students who want to combine a basic knowledge of Biology with a major in a different field.
The B.S. degree is designed for students preparing for careers in the life sciences, including continued training in graduate programs, as well as medical, dental and veterinary schools. The B.A. degree has fewer requirements and allows students more flexibility for combining the Biology major with other majors, minors, or certifications, such as teaching certification. The B.A. degree may also be suitable for graduate programs not requiring additional physics and chemistry.
Within the B.S. degree, students may choose a subject-area concentration aligned with one of the broad subfields of biology: Microbiology, Molecular, and Cell Biology (MMCB); Physiology; Ecology and Conservation Biology (ECB); or Evolution and Integrative Biology (EIB). These concentrations provide a focused and specific pathway through the major, while retaining the broad foundation and exposure to all of the major disciplinary areas in biology. Students may also choose a no-concentration option, which provides a broad overview of the field and prepares students for a wide range of career and education options.
The Research Concentration is designed for students who want to explore graduate level training in science, and can be combined with either the B.S. or the B.A. degree. Biology faculty members are committed to mentoring students in their research labs and also support 91Թ students who are interested in doing summer research at other institutions. The Research Concentration may be combined with any of the subject-area concentrations.
Science impacts everyone in our society. To help promote an understanding of the nature of science and scientific issues that affect us all, the department offers courses that specifically fulfill the Scientific Inquiry requirement of the University Core curriculum: Scientific Inquiry (BIOL 104 and 104L), Biological Systems (BIOL 181 and BIOL 181L), and Field Studies in Biodiversity (BIOL 159 and 159L).
Biology Common Curriculum: 24 credits
All Biology students (B.S., B.A., and minor) take the Biology common curriculum, which includes the following courses:
| Required lower division Biology courses: |
|
| BIOL 111 Biology Pathways* | 1 credit |
| BIOL 105/BIOL 105L Information Flow in Biological Systems & Lab | 4 credits |
| BIOL 106 Energy Flow in Biological Systems | 3 credits |
| BIOL 205/BIOL 205L Physiology and Biodiversity & Lab | 4 credits |
| BIOL 206/BIOL 206L Ecology & Lab | 4 credits |
| BIOL 207/BIOL 207L Genetics & Lab | 4 credits |
| Required Chemistry courses | |
| CHEM 101/CHEM 101L General Chemistry I & Lab** | 4 credits |
*Not required for the Biology Minor
** Students pursuing the Biology minor may substitute ENVS 104 and ENVS 104L, Environmental Chemistry.
B.A. Major in Biology: 40 credits |
|
|
In addition to the Biology common curriculum above, students pursuing the B.A. degree must also complete the following courses: |
|
| Choose one of the following three combinations: |
|
| CHEM 102 / CHEM 102L General Chemistry II & Lab | 4 credits |
| CHEM 230 / CHEM 230L Organic Chemistry I & Lab | |
| ENVS 202 / ENVS 202L Applied Environmental Chemistry and Lab | |
| BIOL 399 Advanced Topics | 2 credits |
| BIOL Upper Division Electives | 9 credits |
| (Any BIOL course numbered 300 or above. BIOL 399, 495, 497, and 499 do not qualify. CHEM 307/L may also be counted for meeting this requirement.) | |
| BIOL 495 Senior Evaluation | 0 credits |
| BIOL 499 Senior Colloquium | 1 credit |
2 MATH 221 requires MATH 148 as a prerequisite.
Minor in Biology: 28 credits |
|
| In addition to the Biology common curriculum above, students pursuing a minor in Biology must also complete at least five credits of upper-division Biology electives (300- or 400-level). |
All courses should be chosen in consultation with a faculty advisor.
B.S. or B.A. in Biology with Research Concentration
The Research Concentration is designed to make research experiences available to more students, to show students the value of science education outreach through experiential learning, and to provide students with a more solid foundation in biological mathematics and science communication. It consists of a number of courses and experiences designed to prepare students to pursue research in some venue (graduate school, industry, government, medical school, or science education) after graduation. Students can enter the program at any time, although we anticipate most students will enter the program as sophomores or juniors.To complete the Research Concentration, the following requirements are added to the requirements for the B.S. or B.A. degree in biology:
- Participate in a significant research experience. This means working on an independent research project for the equivalent of 4 credits. Most students can fulfill this requirement in one summer of full-time research or four academic semesters of research while enrolled in other classes. Enrolling in the Research Concentration does not guarantee a research experience. It is the student’s responsibility to secure a research position. This requirement can be fulfilled by working with a GU faculty member or, with prior permission, with a faculty member at a different institution.
- Present the results from the independent research (in oral or poster format) to the scientific community at an event organized for that purpose.
- Write up the research results under advisement with your research mentor. Final papers will be turned in to the Research Coordinator the last month of the final semester you are enrolled at 91Թ. If you did research off campus, see the Research Coordinator to arrange a local writing mentor.
- Participate in science education outreach for 16 hours one semester (BIOL 295/CHEM 295).
- Take BIOL 484 Research Seminar (1 credit) and attend a minimum of 12 biology-related seminars (including those in BIOL 484), and write and submit a seminar reflection for each seminar.
- Take a college calculus course, Survey of Calculus (MATH 148) or Calculus and Analytic Geometry I (MATH 157).
- Complete a statistics course (MATH 121 or MATH 321) or biological mathematics course, Biological Data Analysis (BIOL 305).
Lower Division
This lecture and laboratory course content will be determined by the instructor to meet the learning objectives of the Scientific Inquiry requirement of the University Core. Fall and Spring.
Concurrent:
BIOL 104L
Taken concurrently with BIOL 104.
Concurrent:
BIOL 104
This course provides a foundation in the principles of biology by examining the fundamental role of information in generating the properties of life. The course explores the molecular basis of biological information (codes, signals, structures) and its role in growth, development, communication, regulation, reproduction and evolution of living things. Fall and Spring.
Concurrent:
BIOL 105L
Designed to provide students with an authentic scientific discovery experience, this laboratory involves the isolation, identification, and characterization of novel bacteriophages from local soil samples. Students learn how to approach scientific questions, make observations, record, analyze and report data. Taken concurrently with BIOL 105.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 105 Minimum Grade: C-
This course focuses on the biological processes of energy acquisition, how energy is used in biological systems, and how energy is transferred between organisms and through ecosystems. Human impacts to energy transfer will be covered and topics will integrate energy concepts from cells to organisms to ecosystems. There is no laboratory associated with this course. Fall and Spring.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 105, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 105L, minimum grade: C- (or concurrent) and CHEM 101, minimum grade: C- and CHEM 101L, minimum grade: C-
Prerequisite:
BIOL 105 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 105L Minimum Grade: C-
and CHEM 101 Minimum Grade: C-
and CHEM 101L Minimum Grade: C-
and CHEM 101L Minimum Grade: C-
This course is designed to help biology students increase their awareness of biology as a discipline and discover their role within the broader biological community. Students are introduced to a range of possible careers in biology, degree pathways within biology, and various tools to assist students during their time at 91Թ.
This course is an optional continuation of BIOL 159L Field Studies in Biodiversity. Research projects initiated in the field in BIOL 159L will be concluded with further library research, completion of a technical or popular press article, drafting and editing a poster, and a presentation at a local or regional event. Fall.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 159L Minimum Grade: D
Equivalent:
BIOL 359 - OK if taken since Summer 1 2008
This course uses a field experience as a backdrop to learn about evolutionary, ecological and biogeographical processes that determine the ranges and biodiversity of organisms. The course begins with class work on the 91Թ campus and is followed by 3-4 weeks in the field, where 91Թ faculty and local experts will mentor students. Field locations vary by year and include Ecuador, Zambia, or domestic locations. This course is designed for non-science majors. The class meets together with the students enrolled in BIOL 359L for Biology majors. Summer.
Equivalent:
BIOL 359L - OK if taken since Spring 2015
An introduction to microbiology for students in Nursing or other allied health professions who will not be majoring in Biology. The course includes basic cellular chemistry and genetics, as well as a survey of topics of clinical importance. Fall and Spring.
Prerequisite:
(BIOL 105 Minimum Grade: C-
or TRAN GBIO Minimum Grade: T)
and BIOL 105L Minimum Grade: C-
and (CHEM 101 Minimum Grade: C-
or TRAN GCHM Minimum Grade: T)
Concurrent:
BIOL 170L
An introduction to methods of microbial analysis including the culture, safe handling, and genetic analysis of microbes. Taken concurrently with BIOL 170.
Concurrent:
BIOL 170
This course provides an exploration of the basic systems in biology from plants to animals and from cells to ecosystems for non-science majors. Additionally, this course provides elementary teacher candidates with the basic content knowledge needed to teach life science at the elementary school level. Lab is required. Fall.
Concurrent:
BIOL 181L
Taken concurrently with BIOL 181.
Concurrent:
BIOL 181
Topic to be determined by instructor.
The First-Year Seminar (FYS) introduces new 91Թ students to the University, the Core Curriculum, and 91Թ’s Jesuit mission and heritage. While the seminars will be taught by faculty with expertise in particular disciplines, topics will be addressed in a way that illustrates approaches and methods of different academic disciplines. The seminar format of the course highlights the participatory character of university life, emphasizing that learning is an active, collegial process.
Designed for non-science majors; this fulfills the core Scientific Inquiry requirement. Lectures and laboratory sessions emphasize science as an inquiry based process. Laboratory is required when offered.
Concurrent:
BIOL 199L
Taken concurrently with BIOL 199.
Concurrent:
BIOL 199
This course focuses on understanding the diversity of life on earth and the physiological mechanisms that allow organisms to live in a wide array of environments. A framework of physiology is used to compare and contrast clades of organisms. A prerequisite for most upper division biology elective courses, and a pre-requisite for BIOL 499. Fall.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 105 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 105L Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 106 Minimum Grade: C-
Concurrent:
BIOL 205L
Students are introduced to the diversity of organisms and physiological processes that allow organisms to live in a wide array of environments.
Concurrent:
BIOL 205
This course examines the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that determine the distribution and abundance of species. Students will explore interactions between organisms and their environments at levels from individuals through ecosystems. A pre-requisite for most upper division biology elective courses, and a pre-requisite for BIOL 499. Must be taken Sophomore or Junior year, and cannot be taken Senior year. Spring.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 105 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 105L Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 106 Minimum Grade: C-
Concurrent:
BIOL 206L
Field and laboratory experiments are used to investigate ecological mechanisms that determine the distribution and abundance of species. Taken concurrently with BIOL 206.
Concurrent:
BIOL 206
This course promotes an understanding of genes and genomes – their molecular properties, how they are expressed and regulated, how they contribute to inheritance, and how they are shaped by evolutionary forces. A pre-requisite for most upper division biology elective courses and a pre-requisite for BIOL 499. Fall and Spring.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 105 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 105L Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 106 Minimum Grade: C-
Concurrent:
BIOL 207L
This course provides students with hands-on experimental investigations of molecular mechanisms in genetics. Taken concurrently with BIOL 207.
Concurrent:
BIOL 207
Topic to be determined by faculty.
The Biology and Chemistry/Biochemistry departments run a variety of outreach programs that include class visits, field trip tours, special summer programs and more. All of our programs strive to engage participants with opportunities for hands-on scientific discovery and inspiration. Fall and Spring.
Equivalent:
CHEM 295 - OK if taken since Spring 2013
Upper Division
This course is an intensive introduction to methods of analysis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure, composition, and behavior. Microscopy (brightfield and fluorescence), protein studies, enzyme kinetics, bacterial growth, cell signaling, and development are just some of the areas of research students will be exposed to. This course will also be scientific writing and reading intensive, developing student expertise in these critical areas in the field of biological research. Offered upon sufficient demand.
Pre-requisite: CHEM 230 and CHEM 230L and BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and (BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-)
An in-depth look at the interactions that control the distribution and abundance of organisms at the population level. Topics such as life-history strategies, population dynamics, competition, predation, parasitism, and mutualism will be explored through the research literature, and quantitative approaches. Fall, even years.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 106 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-
Equivalent:
ENVS 401 - OK if taken since Fall 2022
Taken concurrently with BIOL 303 when the laboratory is offered.
Concurrent:
BIOL 303
Students gain teaching experience by assisting laboratory instructors as a teaching assistant (TA) in a laboratory course. Duties may include laboratory set-up, in-class mentoring, grading, and quiz preparation. May be repeated. A maximum of two credits may be applied to Biology electives. Usually limited to students who have earned an A or B in the lecture portion of the course for which the student is a candidate to TA the laboratory. By permission only. Fall and Spring.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 106 Minimum Grade: C-
An applied study of statistical methods used to investigate biological questions. Emphasis will be on applications using software to investigate biological data sets generated by student and instructor research. The course will survey descriptive statistics, sampling, experimental design, estimation, hypothesis testing, and model building (e.g. analysis of variance, regression, multivariate). This course does not fulfill the University Core Math requirement. Spring, odd years.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and (BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-)
This course explores how behavioral processes affect ecological patterns. The behavioral adaptations of animals to their environment including the evolution of behavior, foraging, competition for resources, reproductive ecology, mating systems, parental care, and cooperative behavior. Fall, odd years.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C-.
Taken concurrently with BIOL 313 when the laboratory is offered.
Concurrent:
BIOL 313
This course covers the biological concepts important for the conservation of natural populations, communities, and ecosystems. Both theoretical and empirical studies will be applied to such topics as: the genetics and ecology of small populations, consequences of habitat fragmentation, the impact of introduced species, and the ecological value of biological diversity. Spring.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and (BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-).
Equivalent:
ENVS 303 - OK if taken since Fall 2017
This laboratory includes field trips. Taken concurrently with BIOL 323.
Concurrent:
BIOL 323
Equivalent:
ENVS 303L - OK if taken since Fall 2017
An examination of the major invertebrate phyla, including an overview of the structural and functional characteristics of each group. The evolutionary relationships between various invertebrate groups will also be examined. Emphasis will be placed on the interaction of marine species with their environment. Taught in a combined lecture/laboratory format. Offered upon sufficient demand.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C-.
Explores the medical, physiological, ecological, and historical effects of parasites. The course concentrates on human parasites and ranges from viruses and bacteria through helminthes and arthropods. Fall.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C-.
Taken concurrently with BIOL 331 when laboratory is offered.
Concurrent:
BIOL 331
Community ecology seeks to explain the underlying mechanisms that create, maintain, and determine the fate of biological communities. Typically, patterns are documented by observation, and used to generate hypotheses about processes, which are tested. Integrating theory with real
world observations is fundamental to community ecology and will be a focus of this class.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 106 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-
Equivalent:
BIOL 343 - OK if taken between Fall 2009 and Summer 2023
ENVS 407 - OK if taken since Fall 2023
ENVS 407 - OK if taken since Fall 2023
An in-depth study of the mechanisms responsible for the diversity of life on earth. Topics covered include speciation, adaptation, systematics, extinction, natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow. Examples are chosen from all types of organisms. This course may be repeated once as long as the content is different than the first occurrence of enrollment. Spring, odd years.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C-.
An advanced study of genetics within the context of a selected topic in biology. Past topics have included an examination of human race and racism and the study of genomes. This course may be repeated once as long as the content is different than the first occurrence of enrollment. Spring, even years.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-.
Equivalent:
HONS 407 - OK if taken since Spring 2024
Taken concurrently with BIOL 335 when laboratory is offered.
Concurrent:
BIOL 335
A study of the principles and mechanisms that underlie the development of plants and animals, using approaches that integrate cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, and evolution. Spring, odd years.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-.
Taken concurrently with BIOL 337.
Concurrent:
BIOL 337
A study of the microscopic structure of animal (mostly mammalian) tissues and organs. Topics include: histology, cytology, and microscopic anatomy as exemplified in animal tissue. Material will emphasize the relationship between structure and function in tissues and organs. Fall.
Concurrent:
BIOL 338L
Labs will combine the study of tissue structure using a collection of prepared slides, and the processing and sectioning of tissue samples. Lab assignments will include the production of personal digital atlases.
Taken concurrently with BIOL 338.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-.
Concurrent:
BIOL 338
Course includes systematics of flowering plants, plant communities of the Inland Northwest, sight identification of major plant families and selected topics in plant ecology. A plant collection is required as well as a field project in the area of plant systematics or plant ecology. This course counts towards the required 9 plant-related credits for Wildlife Biology positions with federal agencies, such as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Forest Service that utilize Wildlife Biology Series GS-0486.
Concurrent:
BIOL 340L
Equivalent:
ENVS 410 - OK if taken since Fall 2024
Taken concurrently with BIOL 340.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C-.
Concurrent:
BIOL 340
Equivalent:
ENVS 410L - OK if taken since Fall 2024
Examines the function of human physiological systems including: metabolic, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, muscular, and immunological. Systems are examined through case studies focused on human disease and human performance. Spring, odd years.
Concurrent:
BIOL 341L
Taken concurrently with BIOL 341. May require weekend field trips.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C-.
Concurrent:
BIOL 341
This class meets with and covers the same topics as BIOL 303 (Population Ecology) but takes a more plant-focused approach. Through class illustrations and independent projects, students will investigate the theories and empirical evidence in population ecology that directly influence plant populations. This course counts towards the required 9 plant-related credits for Wildlife Biology positions with federal agencies, such as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Forest Service that utilize Wildlife Biology Series GS-0486.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-
or ENVS 103 Minimum Grade: C-
Equivalent:
ENVS 411 - OK if taken since Fall 2024
This class meets with and covers the same topics as BIOL 333 (Community Ecology), but takes a more plant-focused approach. Students will explore the theories and experimental evidence of community ecology and conduct ecology projects with a specific focus on plant processes. This course counts towards the required 9 plant-related credits for Wildlife Biology positions with federal agencies, such as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Forest Service that utilize Wildlife Biology Series GS-0486.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-
or ENVS 103 Minimum Grade: B
Equivalent:
BIOL 333 - OK if taken since Fall 2009
ENVS 412 - OK if taken since Fall 2024
ENVS 412 - OK if taken since Fall 2024
This course will introduce students to geographic information systems (GIS) and focus on how GIS can be used to address research and management questions in ecology. Students will use existing GIS databases from area resource agencies and learn how to create new GIS databases from field exercises. Field techniques will include vegetation sampling, small mammal trapping, amphibian/reptile monitoring, distance sampling, wildlife habitat assessment, and mapping exercises using compass and global position systems (GPS). Spring, even years.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 106 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-
Equivalent:
ENVS 384 - OK if taken since Spring 2019
Taken concurrently with BIOL 344.
Equivalent:
ENVS 384L - OK if taken since Fall 2018
An advanced study of cell structure and function with an emphasis on selected topics in cell biology. Topics vary with instructor, but may include cell signaling, cell cycle, plant cells, and the cell biology of cancer. Spring.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C- and CHEM 230, minimum grade: C-.
Concurrent:
BIOL 351L
Taken concurrently with BIOL 351 when laboratory is offered.
Concurrent:
BIOL 351
The ecology, theory, methods, and philosophy of wildlife management emphasizing game, nongame, and endangered species. Students gain an understanding of the roles and responsibilities of various government agencies and non-governmental organizations. Fall, even years.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and ( BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-).
Concurrent:
BIOL 357L
Equivalent:
ENVS 387 - OK if taken since Fall 2020
This laboratory includes field trips. Taken concurrently with BIOL 357.
Concurrent:
BIOL 357
Equivalent:
ENVS 387L - OK if taken since Fall 2020
This course is a continuation of BIOL 359L Field Studies in Biodiversity. Research projects initiated in the field in BIOL 359L will be concluded with further library research, completion of a scientific article, and presentation of the research at a local or regional meeting. Fall.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 359L Minimum Grade: D
Equivalent:
BIOL 159 - OK if taken since Summer 1 2008
This course uses a field experience as a backdrop to learn about evolutionary, ecological and biogeographical processes that determine the ranges and biodiversity of organisms. The course begins with class work on the 91Թ campus and is followed by 3-4 weeks in the field, where 91Թ faculty and local experts will mentor students. Field locations vary by year and include Ecuador, Zambia, or domestic locations. This course is designed for students majoring or minoring in biology. The class meets together with students enrolled in BIOL 159L for non-science majors. Students are required to enroll in BIOL 359, Studies in Biodiversity, the semester after enrolling in BIOL 359L. Summer.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and (BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 206, minimum grade: C-).
Equivalent:
BIOL 159L - OK if taken since Spring 2015
This course acquaints students with the evolution, structure, development and functions of plant cells, tissues and organs. Plant identification and classification are emphasized, along with the importance of environment and ethical considerations of the applied plant sciences. This course counts towards the required 9 plant-related credits for Wildlife Biology positions with federal agencies, such as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Forest Service that utilize Wildlife Biology Series GS-0486.
Prerequisite:
(BIOL 205 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-)
or ENVS 413 Minimum Grade: B-
Concurrent:
BIOL 360L
Equivalent:
ENVS 413 - OK if taken since Fall 2024
This laboratory includes field trips. Taken concurrently with BIOL 360.
Prerequisite:
(BIOL 205 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-)
or ENVS 413 Minimum Grade: B-
Concurrent:
BIOL 360
Equivalent:
ENVS 413L - OK if taken since Fall 2024
This course covers the ecological theories and plant strategies that inform ecological restoration, aiming to repair damaged ecosystems and create habitats for wildlife. The practical skills of restoration project planning, monitoring, regulatory reporting, and traditional ecological knowledge will be covered. This course counts towards the required 9 plant-related credits for Wildlife Biology positions with federal agencies, such as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, etc.; Wildlife Biology Series GS-0486.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-
or ENVS 103 Minimum Grade: B-
Concurrent:
BIOL 363L
Equivalent:
ENVS 414 - OK if taken since Fall 2024
This course will address plant propagation, plant identification, and general plant care that are foundational skills for restoration projects. Field trips are included. This course counts towards the required 9 plant-related credits for Wildlife Biology positions with federal agencies, such as U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, etc.; Wildlife Biology Series GS-0486.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-
or ENVS 103 Minimum Grade: B-
Concurrent:
BIOL 363
Equivalent:
ENVS 414L - OK if taken since Fall 2024
This course introduces students to the scientific study of insects. Topics will include insect identification, diversity, behavior, anatomy, ecology, and applied entomology. Fall, odd years.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C-
Concurrent:
BIOL 367L
Equivalent:
ENVS 406 - OK if taken since Fall 2022
This laboratory includes field trips. Taken concurrently with BIOL 367.
Concurrent:
BIOL 367
Equivalent:
ENVS 406L - OK if taken since Fall 2022
A study of the fundamental factors involved in microbiology including basic microbial morphology, taxonomy, biochemistry, genetics, and culture techniques. Fall and Spring
Concurrent:
BIOL 370L
Taken concurrently with BIOL 370.
Pre-requisite(s): BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C- and CHEM 230, minimum grade: C-
Concurrent:
BIOL 370
Vertebrate diversity, structure and function from an evolutionary perspective. Topics covered will include development, physiology, ecology, behavior and conservation. Spring.
Concurrent:
BIOL 371L
Taken concurrently with BIOL 371.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and( BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-)
Concurrent:
BIOL 371
An introduction to the cellular and molecular basis of the immune response. Topics will include structures and interactions of molecules in the immune system, generation of diversity in immune specificity, cellular immunology, and the basis of immunity and autoimmune diseases. Spring.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C- and CHEM 230, minimum grade: C-
Taken concurrently with BIOL 374 when laboratory is offered.
Concurrent:
BIOL 374
Viral evolution, replication, virus-host interactions, epidemiology, and lateral gene transfer are covered. Spring.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C- and CHEM 230, minimum grade: C-
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the cellular mechanisms underlying the functions of the nervous system. Topics covered include the electrical and chemical signaling properties of neurons, synaptic transmission, and neural plasticity. Students will also examine current research in the field of neurophysiology and develop an understanding of the relationship between cellular processes and behavior.
This course may be repeated as long as the content is different than other occurrences of enrollment. If course is not taught by a 91Թ faculty member, a limited number of credits can be applied to Biology electives: 5 for BS, 3 for BA, 1 for minor. Study abroad and School for Field Studies courses are examples.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 205 or BIOL 206 or BIOL 207
Topic to be determined by instructor.
Undergraduate research assistantships are opportunities for student to earn a stipend while performing independent research in the laboratory of a Biology or Chemistry & Biochemistry faculty member. By Department Chair permission only.
An introduction to primary research literature on specific biological topics. Students will write a paper that has as its foundation primary literature. Students will utilize their oral communication skills to explain the background of a given biology topic and lead discussions of the primary literature. Topics will vary. Course should be taken Junior year and must be completed with a C- grade or better prior to taking BIOL 499. Pre-requisites vary depending on topic. Course can only be repeated with permission from the Biology Department Chair. Fall and Spring.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and (BIOL 205 minimum grade: C- or BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-) and (BIOL 205L, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 206L, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 207L, minimum grade: C-)
Students will explore the biology of marine systems. Topics will include atmospheric and climate modeling, fluid dynamics, physiology, evolution of diversity, ecology, molecular biology, economics, and environmental science. Offered upon sufficient demand.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C-
Concurrent:
BIOL 403L
Equivalent:
ENVS 403 - OK if taken since Fall 2022
Taken concurrently with BIOL 403 when laboratory is offered.
Concurrent:
BIOL 403
An introduction the physical, chemical, geological, and human factors which influence freshwater
organisms and their communities. After completion of the course students will be competent in
application of ecological concepts to freshwater systems and to understand the impacts of human
activities on freshwater ecosystems.
Equivalent: ENVS 408
Co-requisite: BIOL 404L
Prerequisite:
BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 206L Minimum Grade: C-
Concurrent:
BIOL 404L
Equivalent:
ENVS 408 - OK if taken since Fall 2023
Taken concurrently with BIOL 404. Lab will emphasize field techniques, sample identification, and
scientific inquiry.
Equivalent: ENVS 408L
Co-requisite: BIOL 404
Prerequisite:
BIOL 206 Minimum Grade: C-
and BIOL 206L Minimum Grade: C-
Concurrent:
BIOL 404
Equivalent:
ENVS 408L - OK if taken since Fall 2023
This course provides students with the opportunity to pursue research on bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages. Students will work independently or in small teams to address questions chosen collaboratively by the students and the instructor. The course is aimed at students who are interested in molecular biology or bioinformatics research and those seeking additional experience in a research setting. Interested students should contact the instructor prior to registration to plan a research proposal. This course may be taken up to four times with Department Chair permission. Fall and Spring. Offered upon sufficient demand.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 105L and (BIOL 106 or BIOL 207) and BIOL 207L
This course will examine the interactions between organismal function and the physical environment. Topics include: physiological and evolutionary adaptations to extreme environments (high altitudes, deep oceans, and deserts), physiological determinants of patterns of diversity, limits to performance and environmental tolerance, and physiological responses to climate change. Fall, even years.
Pre-requisite(s): BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C-
This course provides an overview of pollutants in different environments, their movement through these environments, and the effects these pollutants have on organisms at the molecular, cellular, individual, population, and ecosystem levels. Numerous case studies on specific aspects of environmental toxicology in the US will be examined throughout the course. Students will also be introduced to how toxicology is linked to environmental policies, climate change, and environmental justice.
Concurrent:
BIOL 425L
Equivalent:
ENVS 409 - OK if taken since Fall 2023
Taken concurrently with BIOL 425L. Labs will focus on methodology, instrumentation, data analyses, and writing scientific reports.
Concurrent:
BIOL 425
Equivalent:
ENVS 409L - OK if taken since Fall 2023
The Core Integration Seminar (CIS) engages the Year Four Question: “Imagining the possible: What is our role in the world?” by offering students a culminating seminar experience in which students integrate the principles of Jesuit education, prior components of the Core, and their disciplinary expertise. Each section of the course will focus on a problem or issue raised by the contemporary world that encourages integration, collaboration, and problem solving. The topic for each section of the course will be proposed and developed by each faculty member in a way that clearly connects to the Jesuit Mission, to multiple disciplinary perspectives, and to our students’ future role in the world.
Pre-requisite: (PHIL 301 or RELI 276 or RELI 330 or RELI 331) and World and Comparative Religion
Lectures on the structure and function of the major classes of biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids) with an emphasis on proteins and enzymology. The central metabolic pathways of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle are discussed from a mechanistic, energetic, and regulatory viewpoint. Offered upon sufficient demand.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 207, minimum grade: C- and CHEM 231, minimum grade: C-
Physiological mechanisms, processes and responses of animals. Physical, chemical and biochemical principles common to physiological systems, such as respiration, excretion, and metabolism, will be covered. Goals of the course are to reveal the mechanisms, adaptive significance, and evolution of physiological systems using a comparative approach. This course may be repeated once as long as the content is different than the first occurrence of enrollment. Fall, odd years.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C-
Taken concurrently with BIOL 441 when laboratory is offered.
Concurrent:
BIOL 441
An investigation of the techniques used to examine biomolecules and biochemical systems. Students perform integrated laboratory experiments in biochemistry. Offered upon sufficient demand.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 440 Minimum Grade: D
or CHEM 440 Minimum Grade: D
Continuation of BIOL 440, including an examination of the primary processes of cellular energy production, oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis. The major metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleotides are covered. Offered upon sufficient demand.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 440 Minimum Grade: D
A comparative study of the structure and function of hormones across a wide variety of taxa (emphasizing vertebrates), including secretion and regulation of hormones, mechanisms of action, and integration of hormones into biological processes. Spring, even years.
Concurrent:
BIOL 451L
Taken concurrently with BIOL 451 when laboratory is offered.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-
Concurrent:
BIOL 451
This course explores experimental strategies and techniques for discovering how genes function at the molecular level. The course integrates genetics and biochemistry focusing especially on the relationship between DNA, RNA and protein. Fall.
Concurrent:
BIOL 456L
Labs focus on the construction, manipulation, and analysis of recombinant DNA molecules. Taken concurrently with BIOL 456.
Concurrent:
BIOL 456
This class is designed to expose students to various areas of biology research and to the different communication forms of that research. Graduate school is a fundamental part of the biology research pathway and therefore this course will help students to become familiar with the graduate school process. The format of the class will include seminars and class meetings. Fall and Spring.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and (BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- or BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-)
Reading material will be selected by the student after consultation with a faculty member in the department. A maximum of six credits of any combination of BIOL 390, BIOL 490, BIOL 496, and BIOL 498 can be applied to Biology electives. By permission only.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-
Required of all majors. Students will take the Major Field Test in Biology in their senior year. Students must score at or above the 20th percentile to pass the course. Fall and Spring.
Concurrent:
BIOL 499
An introduction to some of the experimental techniques used in biological research. Course content will vary by instructor. A maximum of six credits of any combination of BIOL 490, BIOL 496, and BIOL 498 can be applied to Biology electives. Offered upon sufficient demand.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106 , minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-
Professional work experience in a biology-related field. Students are responsible for arranging placement opportunities, and gaining approval from a supervising faculty member in the Biology department. This course does not satisfy any requirements for the Biology major or minor. Satisfactory /Unsatisfactory grading only.
This course provides the motivated student with the opportunity to conduct an independent research project under the direction of a Biology Department faculty member. A maximum of six credits of any combination of BIOL 390, BIOL 490, BIOL 496, and BIOL 498 can be applied to Biology electives. Fall and Spring.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C-
Required of all majors. This course meets once per week to discuss biological issues relevant to society. Students must complete all 200-level major requirements and BIOL 399 with C- grades or better to take this senior level course. Taken concurrently with BIOL 495. Fall and Spring.
Pre-requisite: BIOL 106, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 205L, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 206L, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 207L, minimum grade: C- and BIOL 399, minimum grade: C-.
Concurrent:
BIOL 495
In addition to their major and minor areas of study, all undergraduate students follow a common program designed to complete their education in those areas that the University considers essential for a Catholic, Jesuit, liberal, and humanistic education. The University Core Curriculum consists of forty-five credits of course work, with additional designation requirements that can be met through core, major, or elective courses.
The University Core Curriculum is a four-year program, organized around one overarching question, which is progressively addressed through yearly themes and questions. Hence, core courses are best taken within the year for which they are designated. First year core courses encourage intellectual engagement and provide a broad foundation of fundamental skills. Second and third year courses examine central issues and questions in philosophy and religious studies. The fourth year course, the Core Integration Seminar, offers a culminating core experience. Taken at any time throughout the four years, broadening courses intersect with the core themes and extend students’ appreciation for the humanities, arts, and social and behavioral sciences. Finally, the designation requirements (writing enriched, global studies, and social justice) reflect important values and reinforce students’ knowledge and competencies.
Overarching Core Question: As students of a Catholic, Jesuit, and 91Թ, how do we educate ourselves to become women and men for a more just and humane global community?
Year 1 Theme and Question: Understanding and Creating: How do we pursue knowledge and cultivate understanding?
- The First-Year Seminar (DEPT 193, 3 credits): The First-Year Seminar (FYS), taken in the fall or spring of the first year, is designed to promote an intellectual shift in students as they transition to college academic life. Each small seminar is organized around an engaging topic, which students explore from multiple perspectives. The FYS is offered by many departments across the University (click for list of FYS courses).
- Writing (ENGL 101, 3 credits) and Reasoning (PHIL 101, 3 credits): The Writing and Reasoning courses are designed to help students develop the foundational skills of critical reading, thinking, analysis, and writing. They may be taken as linked sections. Writing (ENGL 101) carries one of the three required writing-enriched designations (see below).
- Communication & Speech (COMM 100, 3 credits): This course introduces students to interpersonal and small group communication and requires the application of critical thinking, reasoning, and research skills necessary to organize, write, and present several speeches.
- Scientific Inquiry (BIOL 104/104L, CHEM 104/104L, or PHYS 104/104L, 3 credits): This course explores the scientific process in the natural world through evidence-based logic and includes significant laboratory experience. Students pursuing majors that require science courses will satisfy this requirement through their major.
- Mathematics (above Math 100, 3 credits): Mathematics courses promote thinking according to the modes of the discipline—abstractly, symbolically, logically, and computationally. One course in mathematics, above Math 100, including any math course required for a major or minor, will fulfill this requirement. MATH 100 (College Algebra) and courses without the MATH prefix do not fulfill this requirement.
Year 2 Theme and Question: Being and Becoming: Who are we and what does it mean to be human?
- Philosophy of Human Nature (PHIL 201, 3 credits): This course provides students with a philosophical study of key figures, theories, and intellectual traditions that contribute to understanding the human condition; the meaning and dignity of human life; and the human relationship to ultimate reality.
- Christianity and Catholic Traditions (RELI, 3 credits). Religious Studies core courses approved for this requirement explore diverse topics including Christian scriptures, history, theology, and practices as well as major contributions from the Catholic intellectual and theological traditions (click for a list of approved courses) .
Year 3 Theme and Question: Caring and Doing: What principles characterize a well lived life?
- Ethics (PHIL 301 or RELI, 3 credits): The Ethics courses are designed to help students develop their moral imagination by exploring and explaining the reasons humans should care about the needs and interests of others. This requirement is satisfied by an approved ethics course in either Philosophy (PHIL 301) or Religious Studies (click for a list of approved courses).
- World/Comparative Religion (RELI, 3 credits): Religious Studies courses approved for this core requirement draw attention to the diversity that exists within and among traditions and encourage students to bring critical, analytical thinking to bear on the traditions and questions considered. These courses carries one of the required two global-studies designations (see below) (click for a list of approved courses).
Year 4 Theme and Question: Imagining the Possible: What is our role in the world?”
- Core Integration Seminar (DEPT 432, 3 credits). The Core Integration Seminar (CIS) offers students a culminating core experience in which they integrate the principles of Jesuit education, prior components of the core, and their disciplinary expertise. Some CIS courses may also count toward a student’s major or minor. The CIS is offered by several departments across the University (click for list of CIS courses).
The Broadening Courses
- Fine Arts & Design (VART, MUSC, THEA, 3 credits): Arts courses explore multiple ways the human experience can be expressed through creativity, including across different cultures and societies. One approved course in fine arts, music, theatre, or dance will fulfill this requirement (click for a list of approved courses).
- History (HIST, 3 credits): History courses are intended to develop students’ awareness of the historical context of both the individual and the collective human experience. One course in History (HIST 101, HIST 102, HIST 112, HIST 201, HIST 202) will fulfill this requirement.
- Literature (3 credits): Literature courses foster reflection on how literature engages with a range of human experience. One approved course in Literature (offered by English, Classics, or Modern Languages) will fulfill this requirement (click for a list of approved courses).
- Social & Behavioral Sciences (3 credits): Courses in the social and behavioral sciences engage students in studying human behavior, social systems, and social issues. One approved course offered by Criminal Justice, Economics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, or Women and Gender Studies will fulfill this requirement (click for a list of approved courses).
The Designations
Designations are embedded within already existing core, major, minor, and elective courses. Students are encouraged to meet designation requirements within elective courses as their schedule allows; however, with careful planning students should be able to complete most of the designation requirements within other core, major, or minor courses.
- Writing Enriched (WE; 3 courses meeting this designation): Courses carrying the WE designation are designed to promote the humanistic and Jesuit pedagogical ideal of clear, effective communication. In addition to the required core course, Writing (ENGL 101), which carries one of the WE designations, students must take two other WE-designated courses (click for a list of approved courses).
- Global-Studies (GS; 2 courses meeting this designation): Courses carrying the GS designation are designed to challenge students to perceive and understand human diversity by exploring diversity within a context of constantly changing global systems. In addition to the required core course, World/Comparative Religion (RELI 300-level), which carries one of the GS designations, students must take one other GS-designated course (click for a list of approved courses).
- Social-Justice (SJ; 1 course meeting this designation): Courses carrying the SJ designation are designed to introduce students to one or more social justice concerns. Students must take one course that meets the SJ designation (click for a list of approved courses).
Major-specific adaptations to the University Core Curriculum
All 91Թ students, regardless of their major, will complete the University Core Curriculum requirements. However some 91Թ students will satisfy certain core requirements through major-specific programs or courses. Any major-specific adaptations to the core are described with the requirements for the majors to which they apply.